Sometimesexamplescanexplainthemeaningofawordorphrase.Forexample,sun,rain,andwindareexamplesofkindsofweather.Lookatthecolumnsbelow.Matcheachvocabularywordorphraseinthefirstcolumnwiththeexamplesinthesecondcolumn.(0.4pointseach)
1.
A.blizzards, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, droughts
2.
A.coal, oil, carbon, dioxide, air, water
3.
A.stroke, asthma, influenza, pneumonia, headaches
4.
A.winter, spring, summer, fall
5.
A.oceans, seas, islands, deserts, forests
A.happy, tired, sad, depressed, nervous, moody
正确
2.(text)II.ReadingComprehension(5points)
CompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestfromtheanswersA,BorC.(1pointeach)
正确
3.(text)SeasonalAffectiveDisorder:MorethanJusttheBlues
AJoshuadreadsthewintermonths,notonlybecauseofthecoldNewEnglandweather--thesleet,snow,wind,andrain--butbecauseastheseasonschangefromsummertofalltowinter,thedaysgetshorter.Asthedaysgetshorter,hestartsfeelingdepressedandirritableandspendsmoreandmoretimeathome,eatingandsleeping.Agraduatestudentinphilosophy,Joshuafindsthathegetslittleworkdoneduringthewintermonthsandhastroublepayingattentioninclassandconcentratingonhisresearch."IsoonrealizedthatwhatIthoughtwasjustthe'winterblues'wassomethingmoreextremethanthat."JoshvisitedadoctorwhodiagnosedhimwithSAD.
BSeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSAD,isakindofdepressionthatoccursseasonally.Itisassociatedwiththelonghoursofdarknessandlackofsunlightduringthewintermonths(peoplewithSADusuallyfeelworsefromDecemberthroughFebruary).Scientistsdon'tcompletelyunderstandtheexactcausesofSAD,buttheybelieveitisrelatedtoabiochemicalimbalanceinthehypothalamus.Thehypothalamusisthebasicpartofthebrainthatcontrolsthebody'sbreathing,heartbeat,metabolism,andhormonerelease.TheeffectsofSADincludemoodiness,irritability,lowenergy,increasedappetiteforcarbohydrates(foodssuchaspotatoes,rice,andbread),difficultyconcentrating,andthetendencytooversleep.
CAlthoughdoctorsdescribedSADforthefirsttimein1984,humanshaveprobablydealtwiththedisorderforthousandsofyears.Itisnotacoincidencethatmanycultureshaveimportantcelebrationsduringtheshortdaysofthewintermonths.Christmas,Hanukkah,andWinterSolsticecelebrationsalloccurinDecember.Thesecelebrationsinvolvelightingcandlesinordertobringlight,warmth,andhappinesstoanotherwisedepressingtimeofyear.
DSowhatcanSADsufferersdotofeelbetterNaturally,theyneedmorelight.ForpeoplewhohavemildcasesofSAD,exercisinginthemorningsuncouldbeenoughtohelpthem.Phototherapy,orlighttherapy,isusuallyprescribedforpeoplewhohavemoreseriouscasesofthedisorder.Inlighttherapy,patientssitinfrontofalightbox,astrongartificiallight,foruptofourhoursaday.Phototherapyiseffectiveinover80%ofSADcases,andpatientsusuallyseeresultswithinthreetofourdays.AlthoughthesymptomsofSADaresimilartothoseofclinicaldepression,traditionalantidepressantshavenotprovenusefulintreatingSAD.WhilepsychologicalcounselingcannottreatthesymptomsofSAD,itisrecommendedtohelpSADsuffererslearntoacceptanddealwiththeirillness.
正确
4.(单选题)Joshuastartsfeelingdepressedandirritableinthewinterbecause.
A.he gets little work done
B.he is a graduate student in philosophy
C.he suffers from Seasonal Affective Disorder
正确
5.(单选题)SeasonalAffectiveDisorder,orSAD,isaconditionthatresearchersbelieveaffectspeopleduringthewintermonths.Scientistsbelieveitiscausedby.
A.breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release
B.lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain
C.moodiness, irritability, loss of energy, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sleepiness
正确
6.(单选题)HumanshaveprobablystruggledwithSADsince__.
A.1984
B.December
C.ancient times
正确
7.(单选题)PeoplewhosufferfromSADcan__tofeelbetter.
A.do light therapy
B.eat carbohydrates
C.take antidepressant drugs
正确
8.(单选题)Thispassagetalksabout_____.
A.what the SAD effects are
B.how to help SAD suffers
C.Both A and B.
正确and B.
